This SEO research report is about the cost and benefits of regulation. It concludes:
1-the cost of regulation are lower for self-regulation when compared to using laws and legal rules,
2-at the moment, the possibilities of self-regulation have not been explored/used to their fullest potential. Common choices for self-fegulation now often lead to a certification structure (with a transfer of compliance costs to the private sector),
3-in practice, there is still hardly a systematic discussion of the possible regulatory options: laws/rules vs self-regulation.